or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …

The creation of spinoff companies is often promoted as a desirable mechanism for transferring knowledge and …

Knowledge drives the growth of nations and regions in a competitive space-economy. Hence, we would expect a strong … correlation between investments in R&D, knowledge and learning processes, on the one hand, and productivity increases, on the … other. However, the empirical evidence shows consistent discrepancies between knowledge inputs and economic performance …