or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …

seriously, such endeavour calls for the creation and diffusion of new knowledge as basis for innovation and behavioural change … on various levels and therefore often is referred to as knowledge-based bioeconomy. In the current debate, the … requirement for innovation is mostly seen in the advance of the biotechnology sector. However, in order to fulfil the requirement …

We present the results of an empirical study of the national innovation systems of countries in the Iberian Peninsula … period from 2000 until 2011 and the countries analyzed are Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Portugal, and Spain. Unlike … previous approaches that used cluster analyses as a methodological framework to analyze national innovation systems from a CSNE …

to investigate possible crowdingout effects on the input side of the innovation process. Different specifications of R …