option of selling to an incumbent increases innovation incentives for entrepreneurs when network effects are strong and … necessarily restrict innovation incentives. We also show that network effects promote acquisitions over entry and that the … entrepreneur has strong incentives to invest in the initial user base of the innovation. …

entrepreneurs’ choice of riskiness (quality) of an innovation project, and on their mode of commercializing the innovation (market …

, innovation and economic growth. We provide empirical evidence that the reforms carried out under the EU Single Market Programme … with a subsequent increase in innovation intensity and productivity growth for manufacturing sectors. In our analysis we … reforms on average profitability, and the effects of profitability on innovation and productivity growth. …

This Paper surveys the economic literature on the impact of trade unions on innovation. There are many theoretical … routes through which unions may have an effect on innovation, for example through their effects on relative factor prices …&D, innovation, technological diffusion and productivity growth. North American results find consistently strong and negative impacts …

How does firm entry affect innovation incentives and productivity growth in incumbent firms? Micro-data suggests that … sectors which differ by their distance to the technological frontier. We show that entry threat spurs innovation incentives in … technologically advanced sectors - successful innovation allows incumbents to prevent entry. In laggard sectors it discourages …

, particularly of university scientists, is positively related to innovation; (vi) there are many university spin-offs but these are …