to analyse the innovation gradient of each region in Portugal. Our paper presents and systematically investigates these …Portuguese strategic choices regarding innovation and R&D policy have, over the past two decades, produced various … firms' contribution to national and regional growth, their obstacles and impacts. For the purpose of this paper, innovation …

externalities in explaining variation in innovation rates across firms. More specifically, we combine micro-data and census data to … estimate the probability that a firm will introduce a goods, service or process innovation. We consider internal firm … agglomeration variables are only significant for a few specific sectors, and even then only for some types of innovation. …

creation of new ideas, knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. In this paper we measure the impact of the … data on 170 regions in Europe (NUTS 2 level) for the periods 1991-1995 and 2001-2005. Innovation outcomes are measured by … diffusion of innovation activity, and the spatial selectivity of immigrants' location choices, we take account of spatial …