or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …

knowledge-based innovation systems. A system without sufficient options, for example, is locked-in. The generation of redundancy …" (TH) as attempts to find surplus value in bringing industrial innovation closer to public R&D. Whereas the firm is central … can take leading roles in innovation eco-systems. In addition to the (transversal) technology transfer at each moment of …

market (innovation). It turns out that spillovers from rivals lead to more imitation, while inputs from customers and … research institutions enhance original innovation. …

&D performers predominantly to acquire complementary technological knowledge (HBA strategy) and to use their home … knowledge exchange between technologically similarly oriented locations. Hence, the increased attraction of foreign R …&D locations is no reason for concern regarding the perceived hollowing-out of the national innovation systems. Indeed, since the …