or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …

recipients' investment is less sensitive to internal liquidity. -- Research and development ; liquidity constraints ; innovation …

developments at the firm level, the topic of design innovation has not been linked to the open innovation concept yet. In this … Innovation ; Product Market Performance …