knowledge through the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research Program. Our conceptual framework assumes the nature of an …

-in-differences design to causally identify the short-run impact of COVID-19 on innovation spending in 2020 and expected innovation spending … substantially reduced innovation expenditure not only in the first year of the pandemic (2020) but also in the two subsequent years …, indicating ’Long–Covid’ effects on innovation. In 2020, innovation expenditure fell by 4.7 % due to the pandemic. In 2022 …

to investigate possible crowdingout effects on the input side of the innovation process. Different specifications of R …

innovation, i.e. weakly controlled managers show a higher innovation propensity. However, the higher the leverage the more …