may play substantively different roles. The findings suggest that university-going is less common among lower-income … students and members of a visible minority group in the U.S. than among their Canadian counterparts. Some possible reasons are …

Discussions of pension adequacy for elderly Canadians have used the rate at which income falls with age; the income … replacement rate or the ratio of post-retirement income to pre-retirement income. Use of income streams to assess post … example, work-related expenses) can be expected to fall after retirement, a declining income stream does not necessarily …

The report examines income and low income in census metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2000. It examines the situation … and lone-parent family members. Median pre-tax income rose in virtually all Canadian census metropolitan areas (CMAs …) over the 1980 to 2000 period. Incomes increased at both the top and bottom of the income distribution, but tended to rise …

have longer spell lengths than those in higher income families and, among these low-income families, lone-parents and … couples with children generally spend more time living in low-income neighbourhoods than childless couples and unattached … residing in low-income neighbourhoods (residential 'spells'). Although the length of new spells is generally substantial (at …