) have been used as a means to fight high unemployment. This paper discusses the mechanisms through which ALMPs affect (un)employment … open unemployment, but also reduced regular employment. The overall policy conclusion is that ALMPs of the scale used in …. There should be a greater emphasis on holding down long-term unemployment in general and a smaller emphasis on youth …

Swedish unemployment was very low up to the early 1990s when it rose rapidly. At the same time manufacturing employment …

This paper is concerned with social interactions and their importance for unemployment. A theoretical model is … specified in which the psychological costs of unemployment depend upon the unemployment level. The analysis reveals social … multiplier effects, and shows that multiple unemployment equilibria may emerge. Data on all 20- to 24-year-olds living in …