Using stock market data over 16 years for Chinese stock markets and over 3 years for U.S. stock markets, this study explores the explanatory power of early intraday market-wide up and down movements to the subsequent intraday returns within the same trading day. As compared to the closing of the...

Recent studies have used the value spread to predict aggregate stock returns to construct cash-flow betas that appear to explain the size and value anomalies. We show that two related variables, the book-to-market spread (the book-to-market of value stocks minus that of growth stocks) and the...