The validity of family background variables instrumenting education in income regressions has been much criticized. In … instruments in income regressions. …

Education is a well-known driver of (entrepreneurial) income. The measurement of its influence, however, suffers from …) income and of education. Using instrumental variables can provide a way out. However, three questions remain: whether … that the relationship between education and entrepreneurial income is indeed endogenous and that the impact of endogeneity …