We study the impacts of family income and parental education on the probability of children’s schooling delay using the … 1996 PNAD. With the adoption of some hypotheses about the links between generations of children, parents and grandparents …, we control for the existence of non observable factors that simultaneously affect the income formation of parents and …

distribution of earnings and for the distribution of household income per capita. A large share of the poverty reducing effect of …

incidence of corruption across municipalities and controlling for students’, schools’ and municipal characteristics, we find … that corruption significantly reduces the school performance of primary school students. Students residing in …