This study of the emergence of inequality during the early years is based upon a comparative analysis of children at … Canada. Second, large differences in cognitive outcomes exist in all countries between children from disadvantaged … which children at the top of the SES distribution out-perform those in the middle. Third, disparities in social and …

, household income, and household wealth - and the health outcomes investigated span multiple dimensions as well. International …-country differences in levels of income equality and mortality as among the most compelling evidence that unequal societies have negative … top. This social health gradient exists whether education, income, or financial wealth is used as the marker of SES. While …

are in much worse health than those at the top. This health gradient exists whether education, income, or financial wealth …, feedbacks from new health events to household income are one of the reasons that underlie the strength of the income gradient …

the CPS, we describe trends in parents' employment and leave-taking after birth of a newborn and analyze the extent to …

olds, we estimate similar health gradients in income and wealth in both countries, but for 70-80 year old, we find no … income gradient in UK. Standard behavioral risk factors (work, marriage, obesity, exercise, and smoking) almost fully explain … income gradients among 55-64 years old in both countries and a significant part among Americans 70-80 years old. The most …

The earnings of mothers make up an important, but difficult to quantify, component of parental expenditures on children …. This paper compares the long-term earnings of women with children, women without children, and men. The study conducts …

family gap in pay - the differential in hourly wages between women with children and women without children. We present … that there is a good deal of variation across our sample countries in the effects of children on women's employment. We … also find large differences in the effects of children on women's hourly wages even after controlling for differences …

This paper examines the effects of recent welfare reforms in the US and UK on the well-being of children in low-income … data also point to divergence across the two countries. In the UK, low-income families affected by the reforms are spending … more money on items related to children and are more likely to own a car and a phone, while in the US, families affected by …