This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identfication of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

This study of the emergence of inequality during the early years is based upon a comparative analysis of children at … Canada. Second, large differences in cognitive outcomes exist in all countries between children from disadvantaged … which children at the top of the SES distribution out-perform those in the middle. Third, disparities in social and …

children enter school. Families are major producers of those skills. Inequality in performance in school is strongly linked to … inequality in family environments. Schools do little to reduce or enlarge the gaps in skills that are present when children enter … growing fraction of American children across all race and ethnic groups is being raised in dysfunctional families. Investment …

the CPS, we describe trends in parents' employment and leave-taking after birth of a newborn and analyze the extent to …

forecastable at the time students decide to go to college (heterogeneity) and components that are unforecastable. About 60 % of …

The earnings of mothers make up an important, but difficult to quantify, component of parental expenditures on children …. This paper compares the long-term earnings of women with children, women without children, and men. The study conducts …

family gap in pay - the differential in hourly wages between women with children and women without children. We present … that there is a good deal of variation across our sample countries in the effects of children on women's employment. We … also find large differences in the effects of children on women's hourly wages even after controlling for differences …