This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identification of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

internal rates of return that take into account tuition costs, income taxes and nonlinearities in the earnings …

. Most of the gaps in college attendance and delay are determined by early family factors. Children from better families and … with high ability earn higher returns to schooling. We find only a limited role for tuition policy or family income …

This paper examines the family income?college enrollment relationship and the evidence on credit constraints in post … ability. Long-run factors crystallized in ability are the major determinants of the family income?schooling relationship …

complementarities in skill formation. Investments in the human capital of children should expand relative to investment in older workers …

This paper presents a productivity argument for investing in disadvantaged young children. For such investment, there …