adoptive parents. We argue that the impact from biological parents captures broad pre-birth factors, including genes and … prenatal environment, and the impact from adoptive parents represents broad post-birth factors, such as childhood environment …, for the intergenerational association in education and income. We find that both pre- and post-birth factors contribute to …

daughters' socioeconomic outcomes and those of their biological and rearing parents. Our analysis focuses on children raised in … six different family circumstances: raised by both biological parents, raised by the biological mother without a … the biological father with a stepmother, and raised by two adoptive parents. Relative to the existing literature, the most …

attainment and labor market outcomes of both sons and daughters are strongly related to both parents' cognitive and non …

female university students in Sweden has children. In Sweden as in many other countries enrollment periods have been … achievement we find that students with children seem to be somewhat more efficient in their studies among those who have graduated … indication that students with children have a lower dropout rate since their probability to register a diploma is higher …

. We then show that the benefits extended to the next generation with large reductions in the crime rates of the children …

mother?s or father?s education raises children?s education by about 0.1 year. Our estimated income elasticities are around 0.1. …We explore the adoption data approach to estimating causal effects of parental education and income on the same … outcomes of their children. Thanks to a data set drawn from Swedish population registers with detailed information on …

complex than the biological relationship of parents to children in both Sweden and the United States. …It is well known that children reared in non-intact families on average have less favorable educational outcomes than … children reared in two-parent families. Evidence from the United States and Sweden indicates that living in a non-intact family …