This Paper Extends a Model of a Three-Person Hierarchy Developed by Tyrole (1986) to the Case of Fiscal Or Military Bureaucraties. It Is Demonstrated That a Decrease in Economies of Scale in the Application of Military Force Results in a Contraction of Territorial Boundaries and an Expansion of...

It Has Often Been Assumed That a Country's Tax Level, Tax Structure Progressivity and After-Tax Income Distribution Are Chosen by Voters Subject Only to Their Budget Constraints. This Paper Argues That At Certain Income Levels Voters' Decisions May Be Constrained by Bureaucratic Corruption. the...