Like most countries in the world, Vietnam is increasingly seeing its development affected by climate change. With a … coastline of 3,260 kilometers that includes major cities and production sites, Vietnam is highly exposed to sea-level rise …. Climate change impacts on the Vietnamese economy and national welfare are already significant-about 3.2 percent of gross …

several years. Amidst this environment, the US Federal Reserve and other advanced economy central banks sharply tightened … experienced strong growth in 2022 thanks to commodity windfalls and a reopening of the economy. Indonesia's external vulnerability …