This policy brief warns about the risks of discontinuing the policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis by pursuing exit strategies too early and/or too sharply. It outlines a comprehensive strategy for limiting such risks globally and offers an in-depth discussion of the European situation. Due to...

In this paper we attempt to answer the question of why the growth rate of international trade among the industrial countries declined by more than half since the inception of floating exchange rates. In trying to answer this question we separate the effects of exchange rate volatility from other...