This paper studies commodity spot, forward, and futures prices under a continuous-time setting. Our model considers a representative firm, which uses an input commodity to produce an output commodity, stores the commodity, and trades forward or futures commodities to hedge. Through the...

This paper proposes a novel approach, based on convolutional neural network (CNN) models, that forecasts the short-term crude oil futures prices with good performance. In our study, we confirm that artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep-learning approaches can provide more accurate forecasts of...