This study is aimed to examine the causal relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and emissions in Bahrain. As required by the Kyoto Protocol where Bahrain has ratified in 2006, it is to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study uses Toda and Yamamoto’s (1995) approach...

This paper aims to investigate the relevance of bank-lending channel (BLC) of monetary policy in a small-open economy, i.e. Malaysia by using disaggregated bank-level data set. A dynamic panel data method namely GMM framework proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991), Arellano and Bover (1995), and...

Since 1990’s, institution factors have been regarded as playing important roles in stimulating foreign direct investments (FDI). However, empirical studies on their importance in affecting FDI are still lacking especially for small open economies. This paper attempts to investigate the role of...

This paper examines the dynamic linkages between economic growth, fixed investment, and household consumption in Malaysia by using a structural vector error correction model (SVECM) approach. The empirical results revealed that household consumption and fixed investment are only significantly...

This paper investigates the relationship among energy, emissions and economic growth in Malaysia with the presence of trade activities. We employ Johansen’s (1995) approach to investigate the relationship. Using annual data from 1971 to 2007, the empirical results shows that there are long-run...