effects on school grades, but these negative effects are largely confined to children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks of … gestation, i.e. born at least 10 weeks earlier). Children born moderately preterm (i.e. born up to 5 weeks early) suffer no ill … school environment is very important for the outcomes of preterm born children, such that those born extremely preterm that …

This paper studies how a student’s ordinal rank in a peer group affects performance and specialisation choices in … university. By exploiting data with repeated random assignment of students to teaching sections, we find that a higher rank …: improvements in rank raise performance, while decreases in rank have no effect. Rank effects partially operate through students …