"Educated parents tend to have educated children. But is intergenerational transmission of human capital more nature … parents and the type of relationship that links the children to their 'adoptive 'families. The results of the analysis suggest …, more nurture, or both? De Walque uses household survey data from Rwanda that contains a large proportion of children living …

surviving children. Studies have found substantial variability across countries in the negative impacts of orphanhood on child …

transitory components of farm income. Off-farm labor supply of both spouses declines in response to increases in permanent farm … income. Farm wives also reduce off-farm labor supply in response to positive transitory farm income shocks. Consequently, one … mechanism farm households use to smooth their goods consumption when facing fluctuating farm income is to modify their …