It’s elementary: students benefit from pre-primary education. The OECD’s PISA 2009 results show that in practically all … OECD countries 15-year-old students who had attended some pre-primary school outperformed students who had not. In fact …, the difference between students who had attended for more than one year and those who had not attended at all averaged 54 …

is possible, and provides students, parents, policy makers and other education stakeholders insights into what enables …Many socio-economically disadvantaged students excel in PISA. Students who succeed at school despite a disadvantaged … background -- resilient students -- are the focus of Against the Odds. The report shows that overcoming barriers to achievement …

whilepoor ones grew rich. We question their analysis with regard to both of their proxiesfor pre-modern income, namely … (butnot significant) correlation between pre-modern and contemporary income. Second,we show that their measure of population …

find that “singlestage”indices – those that are applied directly to a sample from amultivariate income distribution … first “discretised” into income intervals andthen a transition matrix or other tool is applied – may be robust if thefirst …

) household income dynamics. This is largelybecause of the difficulties created by the fact that on top of the humancapital issues … proposesa framework for modelling household income dynamics. it emphasisesthe role of household formation and dissolution, and …, income and poverty dynamics.We illustrate this framework with an application to poverty rates amongyoung women in the US. We …

incomes and giving benefits in cash andkind to households redistributes income from rich to poor. The first attempt to do … in kind are treated as income.[...] …

. This paper contributes to this knowledge by examining the income mobility experienced by older people living in Britain and …. The comparative perspective yields insights about the different income experience of older people in the two markedly … different welfare regimes. Results show that old-age income mobility is more pronounced in Britain than in Germany, and that in …