mapped into the observed 1-5 integer scores, for over 4.5 million students. Earning higher AP integer scores positively … that receiving a score of 3 over a 2 on junior year AP exams causes students to take between 0.06 and 0.14 more AP exams …

high-achieving students from relatively poor families. We followed 107 high school seniors through the college admissions … process in 2006-2007; we selected 52 of these students at random, offering them ten hours of individualized college advising … have influenced the choice of where the students applied to college. We estimate that students offered counseling were 7 …

students respond to their menus' like rational human capital investors. Whether they make the investments efficiently is … aptitude students respond to aid in a way that apparently reduces their lifetime present value. While both a lack of … sophistication/information and credit constraints can explain the behavior of this 30 percent of students, the weight of the evidence …