secondary education to selective academic programs that open doors to skilled, well-paid professions. This gives parents a … strong incentive to invest substantial resources in improving their children's' achievement on these tests, thus reinforcing … students in Hebrew-language schools from eighth grade to age 29, we provide evidence that despite Israeli schools being …

-Saharan Africa). This suggests a dominant role for the parents in determining educational opportunities of children. Evidence on the …

attainment, the relaxation of budget constraints, and increased social contact for children whose parents are less advantaged in …