particular, German policy makers, pedagogues, parents, and teachers have since long discussed whether the traditional … consideration of a particular child's competency for school (Schulfähigkeit) have been suggested. Using a dataset capturing children …

We study whether and how parents interfere paternalistically in their children’s intertemporal decision-making. Based … on experiments with over 2,000 members of 610 families, we find that parents anticipate their children’s present bias and … aim to mitigate it. Using a novel method to measure parental interference, we show that more than half of all parents are …

We study whether and how parents interfere paternalistically in their children's intertemporal decision-making. Based … on experiments with over 2,000 members of 610 families, we find that parents anticipate their children's present bias and … aim to mitigate it. Using a novel method to measure parental interference, we show that more than half of all parents are …

are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

participation in societal life resemble more those of native Germans than those of their parents' generation …

Without a school degree, students can have difficulty in the labor market. To improve the lives of upper …-secondary school dropouts, German states instituted a school reform that awarded an interim degree to high-track students upon …-track completion, university entrance rates, and later income, arguably by reducing the perceived risk of trying longer in the high …