The average height of children is an indicator for the quality of nutrition and health care. Heights have never … information on parents' schooling and employment status. Unemployment might have negative psychological effects, with impact on …

parents to children; (2) positive assortative mating of parents, which tends to reinforce the impact of parents on the child … box, by assuming that these are shaped by the attitudes of parents and other role models. Attitudes include fundamental …

positive effects of central exams on achievement tests, previous research on university-bound students shows no effects on … subsequent earnings. We suggest that labor-market effects may be more imminent for students leaving school directly for the labor … that central exams are indeed associated with higher earnings for students from school types directly bound for the labor …

burden by about EUR 4 billion per year, while poor households' income rises only by EUR 1.1 billion per year. With pure wage … subsidies, the government can ensure more favorable employment and income effects. Combining a minimum wage with a wage subsidy …

significant, and robust to controlling for personal characteristics, educational attainment, income, and measures of liquidity …

investigate the mechanisms behind this relationship using data on German pre-teen students. We show that (i) taller children are … better recommendations to taller students. This holds even when controlling for academic achievement and parental background … respect to education policy, our findings suggest that early school tracking might increase disadvantages for students with …