that second-generation immigrant children in the Italian primary school experience a double disadvantage that, relative to … benefits to second-generation immigrant children. Besides, we point out the possibility of exploiting the larger impact of the … relative age on second-generation children in order to support their performance and reduce the large penalization associated …

local students in Shanghai, where local students all go to public schools, but migrant students are endogenously selected … all student groups. We conduct policy experiments to examine the effect of transferring migrant students from private …