local students in Shanghai, where local students all go to public schools, but migrant students are endogenously selected … all student groups. We conduct policy experiments to examine the effect of transferring migrant students from private …

Using over 50 thousand time-use diaries from two cohorts of children, we document significant gender differences in … pronounced for higher performing students. By contrast, gender differences in media time are the main factor explaining gender … gaps in non-cognitive skills. As children age, gender differences in time allocation play an increasing role in explaining …