, even though displacement episodes early in children’s lives have the largest impacts on household income (because they … persist for many years), displacement episodes occurring in the children’s teenage years have the largest effects on human … capital accumulation. We show that most of the effects operate through the intensive margin of schooling, and that children …

local students in Shanghai, where local students all go to public schools, but migrant students are endogenously selected … all student groups. We conduct policy experiments to examine the effect of transferring migrant students from private …