We investigate the impact of the presence of university dropouts on the academic success of first-time students. Our … of dropouts on first-time students’ success masks treatment heterogeneity and non-linearities. First, we find negative …

local students in Shanghai, where local students all go to public schools, but migrant students are endogenously selected … all student groups. We conduct policy experiments to examine the effect of transferring migrant students from private …

threshold students may make use of additional resources, such as private tutoring. We investigate how the use of private … successfully pass through this school, controlling for the students competencies after tutoring, but before the transition. Using … PISA and linked register data from Switzerland, we find that students who had private tutoring before the transition are …