parents’ siblings and cousins, their spouses, and the spouses’ siblings. Using various human capital measures, we show that … extended family relative to the parents increases …

increase in the share of independent-school students between Swedish municipalities. We find that an increase in the share of … independent-school students improves average performance at the end of compulsory school as well as long-run educational outcomes … primarily are due to external effects (e.g., school competition), and not that independent-school students gain significantly …