rate versus just the steady-state income level - matters less than academic discussions suggest. We close by discussing …

impact both younger and older children. The average treated student in our setting has an expected income reduction of $5 …-fourth of a standard deviation, reducing class size by 5 students, or increasing school spending per pupil by $750. The marginal … impacts of lead are larger in impoverished, non-white counties, and among students with greater duration of exposure, even …