impact has been in more disadvantaged schools and on the performance of middle and high ability students within these schools … resources can matter for children in the poorest secondary schools, particularly when building on a solid educational or ability … background. However, small changes in resources have little or no effect on the "hard to reach" children who have not achieved a …

these school-grade-year effects is achieved because students are mobile across schools. Peer effects are identified assuming …

investments in children and the channels through which negative labour market shocks experienced by parents might affect children …We study the effect of negative labour market shocks borne by parents during the Covid-19 crisis on resource and time … intergenerational impact: Children whose fathers reported an earnings drop to zero are significantly less likely to have received …