years. The intervention includes students aged 7-9 and consists of pulling students from their regular mathematics classes … school year. All students, not only struggling students, are pulled out. We find that students in treatment schools increased …

A significant proportion of migrant children in China are not able to attend public schools for lack of local household … migrant students who are unable to enroll in public schools perform significantly worse than their more fortunate counterparts … key factor determining the quality of education that migrant children receive …

addressing unobserved residence-country features, we find similar results when assigning migrant students their country …

addressing unobserved residence-country features, we find similar results when assigning migrant students their country …

local students in Shanghai, where local students all go to public schools, but migrant students are endogenously selected … all student groups. We conduct policy experiments to examine the effect of transferring migrant students from private …