gravity (non-gravity trade) and the distribution of income within countries. In countries where only a small share of the … population are educated, an increase in non-gravity trade is associated with a significant increase in income inequality. As … education of the population increases the correlation between non-gravity trade and income inequality becomes smaller. Non …

track students. However, there are concerns that the most frequently used college placement exams lack validity and … reliability, and unnecessarily place students from under-represented groups into remedial courses. While recent research has shown … that tracking can have positive effects on student learning, inaccurate placement has consequences: students face …