We investigate the impact of the presence of university dropouts on the academic success of first-time students. Our … of dropouts on first-time students’ success masks treatment heterogeneity and non-linearities. First, we find negative …

gravity (non-gravity trade) and the distribution of income within countries. In countries where only a small share of the … population are educated, an increase in non-gravity trade is associated with a significant increase in income inequality. As … education of the population increases the correlation between non-gravity trade and income inequality becomes smaller. Non …

threshold students may make use of additional resources, such as private tutoring. We investigate how the use of private … successfully pass through this school, controlling for the students competencies after tutoring, but before the transition. Using … PISA and linked register data from Switzerland, we find that students who had private tutoring before the transition are …