income and Protestant church attendance for six waves of up to 175 Prussian counties spanning 1886-1911. The data reveal a … marked decline in church attendance coinciding with increasing income. The cross-section also shows a negative association … between income and church attendance. But the association disappears in panel analyses, including first-differenced models of …

We analyze optimal taxation of labor and capital income in a life-cycle framework with idiosyncratic income risk. We … provide a novel decomposition of labor income tax formulas into a redistribution and an insurance component. The latter is … independent of the social welfare function and determined by the degree of income risk and risk aversion. The optimal linear …

shares, students' academic skills, and parents' entrepreneurial occupation … effect of private-school competition on students' entrepreneurial intentions. We exploit Catholic-Church resistance to state … instrumental-variable results suggest that a 10 percentage-point higher private-school share raises students' entrepreneurial …