which school principals were provided with estimates of the performance of individual teachers in raising their students …

Population survey to impute income for dependent children by race, mother's education, urbanicity and state and then calculated …Since 1990, U.S. policymakers have worked to close gaps in academic achievement by income and race (e.g. with school … finance reform and school accountability systems) even as rising income inequality and income-based residential segregation …

which school principals were provided with estimates of the performance of individual teachers in raising their students …

. Yet, no national dataset measures both parental income and achievement in a consistent way for individual students over …Over the past 30 years, rising income inequality and income-based residential segregation have threatened to widen … income-based achievement gaps, even as school accountability and school finance reform efforts have attempted to narrow them …