achievement. Evaluating the impact of such programs is complicated by the fact that a highly select sample of students takes …-taking, and credit accumulation. This is true despite the fact that those students who win the lotteries attend better high …

In previous research, a substantial gap in test scores between White and Black students persists, even after …

. Within the design, we compare the effectiveness of varying the recipient of the reward (students or parents) and the … significant impact among students on the threshold of meeting the achievement standard. These students continue to outperform …

. Within the design, we compare the effectiveness of varying the recipient of the reward (students or parents) and the … significant impact among students on the threshold of meeting the achievement standard. These students continue to outperform …

In previous research, a substantial gap in test scores between White and Black students persists, even after …