administrative data from Ireland, we explore the performance in college of different types of students. We find that post … for their greater prior achievement, and this is true in both non-STEM and STEM fields. Disabled students, students from … disadvantaged schools, and students who qualify for means-tested financial aid are less likely to complete and less likely to obtain …

We study the treatment effect of grade retention, using a panel of French junior high school students, taking … weakest students. We also show that class size is endogenous and tends to increase with unobserved student ability. The … Average Treatment Effect (ATE) of grade retention is negative, again with the exception of the weakest group of students …

school or college on subsequent outcomes of students. We review this recent literature, describing the difficult … for ability or achievement and across a range of countries, ages, and types of educational institutions, students that are … into other educational phenomena such as the extent to which students benefit from high ability peers and the presence of a …

substantial and heterogeneous employment responses that increased average income despite reduced transfers. We find zero effects …