one student has been in a given school. I examine whether and how school tenure impacts students' output using rich cohort … data on England's secondary schools. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimates suggest that, on average, students benefit from … (TSLS) estimates suggest the effects of school tenure are positive and heterogeneous across students. While advantaged …

substantial and heterogeneous employment responses that increased average income despite reduced transfers. We find zero effects …