We develop a multi-agent model of the education production function where investments of students, parents, and … survey data and a mandate to randomly assign students to classrooms. Consistent with our model, we show that exposure to …

environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

a regression discontinuity design, we document how a third grade retention policy affects both the target children and … their younger siblings. The policy improves test scores of both children while the spillover is up to 30% of the target … child effect size. The effects are particularly pronounced in families where one of the children is disabled, for boys, and …

employ data from the universe of children born in Florida between 1994 and 2002 and in Denmark between 1990 and 2001, which …