addressing unobserved residence-country features, we find similar results when assigning migrant students their country …

. The results show that substituting lacking family support by other adults can help disadvantaged children at adolescent …

. France and Flemish Belgium achieve the most equitable performance for students from different family backgrounds, and Britain …

using a large survey linked to administrative student register data. Exploiting cross sectional variation in students' self …-reported grit in the last year of compulsory school, we find that an increase in students' grit is associated with a higher … cognitive skill measures and a comprehensive set of other students' background characteristics. Moreover, using novel data on …

Even though some countries track students into differing-ability schools by age 10, others keep their entire secondary …