addressing unobserved residence-country features, we find similar results when assigning migrant students their country …

. The results show that substituting lacking family support by other adults can help disadvantaged children at adolescent …

. France and Flemish Belgium achieve the most equitable performance for students from different family backgrounds, and Britain …

selective colleges to lower their curricular demands, low-ability students benefit at the expense of medium-ability students … better serve their most able students. This stylized model of curricular product differentiation in higher education offers …

of less able students. As we argue in the paper, this adjustment benefits low-ability college students at the expense of … colleges become a less appealing alternative for the medium ability students. The selective, elite colleges therefore adopt a … more demanding curriculum to better serve their most able students, again at the expense of medium ability students. The …

Even though some countries track students into differing-ability schools by age 10, others keep their entire secondary …