and students' cognitive and socio-emotional development. The German panel evidence shows that children's learning time …If school closures and social-distancing experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic impeded children's skill development …, they may leave a lasting legacy in human capital. To understand the pandemic's effects on school children, this paper …

addressing unobserved residence-country features, we find similar results when assigning migrant students their country …

Does a high regional concentration of immigrants of the same ethnicity affect immigrant children's acquisition of host … exposure to a higher own-ethnic concentration impairs immigrant children's host-country language proficiency and increases … school dropout. A key mediating factor for this effect is parents' lower speaking proficiency in the host-country language …

We examine whether the sorting of differently achieving students into differently sized classes results in a regressive … rather than teachers assign students to classrooms. …

. The results show that substituting lacking family support by other adults can help disadvantaged children at adolescent …

. France and Flemish Belgium achieve the most equitable performance for students from different family backgrounds, and Britain …

fixed effects account for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity, education - but not income or urbanization - is …