a higher share of female classmates on students' disruptive behavior, engagement, test scores, and major choices in … disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged schools. We exploit the random assignment of students to classrooms in early high school in … students that contains a large and diverse set of school qualities, and household incomes, and b) we measure disruption and …

on learning. In this paper, we estimate the effect of an increased autonomy policy for higher-performing students on … classrooms. Identification comes from a natural experiment that allowed higher-achieving students to miss 30 percent more classes … without penalty. Using a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach, we find that allowing higher-achieving students to …

subsequent exams. Students of lower prior performance have lower fatigue effects and higher warm-up effects in STEM subjects … compared to students of higher prior performance. Also, we find that exam productivity in STEM increases faster for boys than …