reinforced inequalities in income, savings, epidemic risk and even individual preventive behaviors. We present in more detail two … loosing their income because of contamination. Data on six countries confirm a disproportionate impact of the epidemic on the …

on the distributional impacts of the pandemic on different income groups in a multi-country setting. Analyzing rich … individual-level data from a six-country survey, we find that while the outbreak has no impacts on household income losses, it … results in a 65-percent reduction in the expected own labor income for the second-poorest income quintile. The impacts of the …

the World Bank, affected the cognitive (mathematics and Vietnamese) and non-cognitive (socioemotional) skills of students …) average treatment effects on the treated (ATT). We find that the impacts of VNEN on students' cognitive skills are relatively … small in the short-term, and that they are larger for boys, ethnic minorities, and students in Northern Vietnam. The VNEN …

, Vietnam still remains a large positive outlier conditional on its income. Possible higher motivation of, and coaching given to …, Vietnamese students only partly explains Vietnam's performance, and this is also the case for various observed household- and … and the other participating countries is due not to differences in students' and schools' observed characteristics, but …