The stylized fact that individuals who come from families with more children are disadvantaged in the schooling process … children's educational achievement might be spurious. We extend these recent analyses of spuriousness versus causality using a … sibship size on children's private school attendance and on their likelihood of being held back in school. Specifically, we …

We study how colleges shape their students' voting habits by linking millions of SAT takers to their college …-enrollment and voting histories. To begin, we show that the fraction of students from a particular college who vote varies … markedly different voting rates. Next, after controlling for students' college application portfolios and pre-college voting …

portfolio and compare students with similar portfolios and levels of interest in HBCUs and non-HBCUs who ultimately make … students initially enrolling in HBCUs are 14.6 percentage points more likely to earn a BA degree and have 5 percent higher … household income around age 30 than those who do not enroll in an HBCU. Initially enrolling in an HBCU also leads to $12 …

mapped into the observed 1-5 integer scores, for over 4.5 million students. Earning higher AP integer scores positively … that receiving a score of 3 over a 2 on junior year AP exams causes students to take between 0.06 and 0.14 more AP exams …

investments that we document leads to the question of how students from different backgrounds sort into these different … institutions and programs. We discuss the emerging research showing that lower-SES students, especially in the U.S., are more … policies designed to support success among students from disadvantaged backgrounds. The Chapter concludes with some broad …

Millions of high school students who take an Advanced Placement (AP) course in one of over 30 subjects can earn college … that 15 percent of students' AP courses do not result in an AP exam. We predict that up to 32 percent of the AP courses … district exam subsidies on AP exam-taking rates. In fact, students on free and reduced-price lunch (FRL) in the districts that …

engagement among students who enroll in courses and eventually major in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (i … relationship between studying STEM and voting. To do so, we create a dataset of over 23 million students in the U.S. matched to … school and college students to voting outcomes. It also contains a rich set of demographic and academic variables, to account …